Si Clauses in Spanish (Conditionals)

A si (if) clause states a condition that must be met for something else to happen. The verb tenses you use depend on how likely that condition is — probable, hypothetical, or contrary to reality.

1. Probable conditions

indicative → indicative

Si me llamas, iré contigo al concierto. If you call, I’ll go with you to the concert.

Si quieren, les ayudo con su tarea. If they want, I’ll help them with their homework.

Si ellos salieron, nadie sabía. If they left, no one knew.

Si ella comía poco, era porque quería bajar de peso. If she ate little, it was because she wanted to lose weight.

2. Hypothetical / contrary to present reality

imperfect subjunctive → conditional

Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría mucho más. If I had more money, I would travel a lot more.

Si pudiéramos, compraríamos una casa. If we could, we would buy a house.

Si no fuera por mi amigo, yo no iría. If it weren’t for my friend, I wouldn’t go.

3. Contrary to past reality

pluperfect subjunctive → conditional perfect

Si Uds. hubieran llegado a tiempo, habríamos podido salir ya. If you had arrived on time, we would have been able to leave already.

Si yo hubiera preparado más comida, habrías podido invitar a tus amigos. If I had prepared more food, you would have been able to invite your friends.

Si clauses lean heavily on the subjunctive mood and the sequence of tenses — review the conditional tense too.

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